On curiosity and the joy of learning

I love learning. I find it to be a truly joyous experience. I wasn’t always this way though. If you ask my friends from college, they will laugh, and tell you what a miracle it is that I managed to graduate (cum laude, no less) while attending so few classes, and doing so little work. So what changed? Obviously I’d like to think I just got older and wiser, but evidence suggests otherwise. Personally, I think what happened to me was the internet.

The internet has obviously drastically changed the way we interact with information, by making so very much accessible to us, almost anytime, almost anywhere. But that, in itself, is not enough to make us *want* to seek out that information. To read it, to synthesize it into knowledge, into our world-view.

Working in the realm of education (and being a pretty much life-long student who is almost done with her third masters degree), the answer to this little riddle is of vital importance to me. I feel we’re on the cusp of an educational revolution, and I want to help shape it. I want to help us storm the right castles, and march on in the right direction.

I recently read an article about Michael Wesch, a professor at Kansas State University, where he talks about fostering a sense of curiosity in students. Let’s skip over the part where he coins the term “knowledge-able”, which, while cute and fitting, brings back library school nightmares of reading article after article from researchers using quirky acronyms to build their personal brand. (Just “ask” Nick Belkin about “ASK”. UGH.)

Aaaaanyway, this article really struck a chord with me.

“It’s just not enough anymore to know a bunch of stuff… Instead, we should be concentrating on making them truly knowledge-able. Imagination and curiosity are the heart of that idea; if we have those qualities, learning becomes joyous.”

Right? RIGHT?! Many teachers fought (and still fight) the use of calculators in math classes. But others saw this as an opportunity. If students spend less time doing simple calculations (after they truly understand *how* to do them, of course), there’s more time to delve into more complex problems and ideas. Graphing calculators especially, can allow for more creative and imaginative assignments, assignments that might actually grab the students attention.

So back to the internet, and why it helped me learn to love learning. Social networks have added something into the information mix, something that is vital to a lot of people: context. Instead of information existing in a void, we can now see who’s reading what, and what they think of it. The information now has a personal aspect for us. And also, there’s the joy of finding something on our own that we know our networks will enjoy. We like seeing our content shared by others. And it’s exciting when discussions happen around that content.

I have so much more to say about this, but I think I may save that for part two, where I can get into what I think the implications of all this are for education. I have thoughts, people. Copious amounts of thoughts. I’m excited for all of us in academia. Things are about to get SO COOL.

Posted in EdTech, educational technology, information searching, information seeking, online communities, social media, social networking | 2 Comments

Twitter RSS Feed Cheat Sheet (Redux)

Some notes on constructing searches that I’ve learned the hard way, but you don’t have to:

  • Find a handy url-encoding cheat-sheet, like this one: http://www.blooberry.com/indexdot/html/topics/urlencoding.htm. You will have to replace special characters  (@, #, :, etc.) with their url-encoded version.
  • + and %20 (a url-encoded space) seem to be interchangeable when constructing complex search queries. If one doesn’t work in between each search parameter, try the other. (Replace the “+” with OR for searches that return any of the keywords/search parameters, as opposed to all the keywords/search parameters.)
  • To see how Twitter itself is constructing a query, do the search in their advanced search (https://twitter.com/#!/search-advanced), then follow this formula to construct your feed:

    Take the url that is produced from your search and replace the first part (https://twitter.com/#!/search/) with the rss version (http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=).

    You will go from this: https://twitter.com/#!/search/librarian%20tattoo
    to this:
    http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q= librarian%20tattoo

  • You can probably replace the “.atom” with “.rss” if you prefer. (As pointed out by @calimae.)
************************



Here are some pre-constructed feeds, where you just replace the bold info with the info you want to use:

Hashtag search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%23library

User mention search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%40val_forrestal

Specific user’s entire timeline: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=from%3Aval_forrestal

Keyword search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=research+paper

Location + keyword search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?geocode=40.744544%2C-74.027593%2C5.0mi&q=+research+paper+near%3A%22hoboken%2C+nj%22+within%3A5mi

User mention + hashtag: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%40val_forrestal+%23library

User + hashtag: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=from%3Aval_forrestal+%23library

Hashtag + date: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%23library%20since%3A2012-01-24%20until%3A2012-01-25

*For the original version of this post, with more details, see: http://theinfobabe.blogspot.com/2011/06/twitter-rss-feed-creation-cheat-sheet.html

Posted in atom, Cheat Sheet, feed readers, feeds, RSS, Twitter | Comments Off on Twitter RSS Feed Cheat Sheet (Redux)

Getting our foot in the door to Moodle(Rooms)

My awesome co-worker and frequent co-conspirator Barbara Arnett has whipped up a little library resource search box that can be added to courses in our course management software (we just switched to Moodle.) We’re currently working on convincing them to add it to the school’s course shell template, so it will appear by default in every single course (where each prof will have the option to remove it, if they so desire.)

We’re running into some trouble because we’re using MoodleRooms to host the CMS, and apparently they charge extra for this sort of thing, but I have to imagine that this would really be useful for students. In the past, the course shells included a link to the library’s homepage, with no explanation of how to use the site once they got there. We never really analyzed click-throughs from Blackboard (our old CMS), but the link was fairly buried (as opposed to having the search box prominently located on the side of every screen, as would be the case in Moodle.)

Is anyone else working on something like this? Did you have any trouble getting your school to add it to the template? Do you think it will increase online resource usage?

SCREENSHOTS (click to embiggen):

library link in Blackboard, located only under “Course Content”
library search box in Moodle, located in right-hand column of every page

Posted in academic libraries, Barbara Arnett, CMS, course management software, discovery solutions, distance learning, EdTech, educational technology, library technology, Moodle, reaching students, search engines | Comments Off on Getting our foot in the door to Moodle(Rooms)

Marketing with donated books

So I had this fun little idea the other day. I tend to stick to reading “classics”, because I’m book-snobby like that, but every once in awhile I get talked into reading this-or-that best-seller. Because I hate throwing books away, and anyone who works in libraries knows that donations are not always looked so kindly upon by poor, over-worked, underpaid cataloging and acquisitions librarians, I have a collection of popular reading that I don’t really want. Now, I do marketing and outreach for an academic library, but if I was at a public library, I think this would make a fun little promotion:

Hand-write a little note in the front of the book saying something to the effect of: “Enjoy this free book, courtesy of *** Public Library! When you’re done reading it, please leave it someplace for someone else to read and enjoy!” Get stickers or stamps made with your website/facebook/twitter/blog on them, and put that under the note. In the back of the book, make a space for people to sign/date/leave a note. Leave the book on a bench outside the library (or even in a public park.)

You can then create a blog, where there’s a post for each book, with a little book review. Invite users to post comments about the book, and where they found it/left it. Perhaps even have the sticker/stamp you put in the book say: “Read reviews and track this book’s journey here!”, with a link to the blog.

If you’re worried about your constituents being mad that you’re “just giving books away! with taxpayer money!” You can head the blog with a post detailing the program, and explaining it only uses *donated* books.

I don’t know if the program would get any traction, but if you’ve got donated books (or your own unwanted books) laying around, it would be pretty easy to give it a try…

Posted in community-building, donated books, marketing, outreach, public libraries | 10 Comments

Twitter RSS feed creation cheat sheet

Ok, so apparently Twitter is no longer supporting RSS?
I tried doing an advanced search, and, sure enough, the “Feed for this query” button was gone. Then, when I mentioned it on Twitter, @shelitwits said it was still there for her, and when I checked again, it was back
So… Yes, perhaps I’m going crazy and I just imagined it went away, but now I’m nervous. For now, search feeds are still working for me, whether the button is there or not, so I created a quick cheat sheet for myself, should I need to create a feed from a Twitter search without the handy button. I figured I’d post it here, for my own, and your, handy reference, should you need it. (Obviously, replace the bold text in the search strings with your own search terms/parameters.)


Hashtag search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%23CiL2009


User mention search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%40scwLibrary


Keyword search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=research+paper (replace the “+” with OR for searches that return any of the keywords, as opposed to all the keywords.)


Location + keyword search: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?geocode=40.744544%2C-74.027593%2C5.0mi&q=+research+paper+near%3A%22hoboken%2C+nj%22+within%3A5mi


You can get the location code from location-tagged tweets in your search results, or from your profile page if you’ve enabled location-aware tagging on Twitter. You can also change the proximity parameter, set here to pick up tweets within 5 miles.


Also, I know it’s redundant having the location & proximity twice, but this is how the feed generator creates the feed. I tried adding it to Google reader with only one or the other, and for me it worked with just the location code part intact, but did not work when I tried it just using the city and state part (which would have made life easier, since you could just plug that info in without having to look up a complicated location code, but hey, that figures, right?!)


Now, I realize that if Twitter completely stops supporting RSS, these feeds will probably no longer work, so let’s just hope they don’t do that. I tried using an RSS feed creator to make a feed out of the search results page (as recommended by @bibrarian,) but it didn’t want to work for me (it said the page couldn’t be found…)


I really hope Twitter rescinds its no-RSS stance, because I can’t imagine administrating an institutional page without it. If I can’t regularly monitor certain searches, that really cuts down on Twitter’s usefulness as an outreach tool.

———————————-



UPDATE: Cynthia at LearningLibTech posted some additional details on creating an RSS feed from a specific user’s timeline. Check it out here: http://cynng.wordpress.com/2011/07/05/twitter-search-rss-feed/ (and thanks to Desirae for sharing the link!)


UPDATE2: Thanks to ProfHacker for also linking to this post. I also hope my linking to posts that link to this post doesn’t trigger infinite recursion and break the internet.


UPDATE3: the Sociable has created a feed generator for Twitter lists: http://sociable.co/2011/05/05/as-twitter-protects-its-ecosystem-heres-how-to-create-an-rss-feed-of-a-twitter-list/ (Thanks to Paul for sharing the link in the comments!)


UPDATE4: In response to a request by Twitter user @filip_struharik, I figured out how to combine user mention and user searches with hashtag searches. They work as follows:


User mention + hashtag: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%40val_forrestal+%23library
User + hashtag: http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=from%3Aval_forrestal+%23library


The difference between the two is that the first feed returns all results where the user @val_forrestal *and* the hashtag library appear. The second returns only results where the user @val_forrestal *uses* the hashtag library in one of her tweets (aka only tweets with the keyword “library” from that specific user’s timeline.)


UPDATE5: Here’s how to do searches that are restricted to a date or set of dates (or just since or up to a certain date).


http://search.twitter.com/search.atom?q=%23KEYWORD%20since%3A2012-01-24%20until%3A2012-01-25


…where KEYWORD = your hashtag, and the since/until are your start/end dates. You can leave out the “%23” before KEYWORD if you want it to be a simple keyword search, instead of a hashtag search.


    Posted in marketing, micro-blogging, online presence, reaching students, RSS, social media, social networking, Twitter | 12 Comments

    Search Bookmarklet Code Files

    In case you’ve been meaning to play around with creating your own library search bookmarklet, but needed a little “push”, I’ve created a compressed folder of all the code files you’ll need to do it, along with a ReadMe.txt with the directions. I tried to make it as simple as possible, so let me know if you try and it it works!

    Posted in Barbara Arnett, bookmarklet, discovery solutions, library technology, Library Technology Conference, LibTech2011 | Comments Off on Search Bookmarklet Code Files

    oneSearch bookmarklet @ LibTech 2011

    On March 17th (this Thursday,) I’ll be presenting at the Library Technology Conference on the oneSearch bookmarklet tool created by Barbara Arnett and I.

    Barbara won’t be able to make it out to Minnesota (she’ll be presenting the bookmarklet to the NJLA 2011 Technology Innovation Award committee,) but because we want to be as practical as possible in our presentations, she put together a quick reference for the three parts of the bookmarklet (you don’t actually need the third piece, it just creates a nice button for users to drag and drop into their browser, as opposed to a simple link.)

    Below is the code you’d need to get started working on your own browser-based search bookmarklet:

    (1)HTML, (2)Javascript & (3)CSS:

    1 – HTML to display bookmarlet on your webpage:

    (edit this line: {document.body.appendChild(document.createElement(‘script’)).src=’http://www.stevens.edu/library/js/search.js‘;}
    so that the red text links to the JavaScript file you place on yo
    ur server)

    2 – Javascript to sit on your server (sits in search.js, referenced in bookmarklet HTML)

    (edit this line: _gaq.push([‘_setAccount’, ‘UA-XXXXXXX-1‘]);
    so that the red text reflects your own Google Analytics account number (you can also find this complete code within GA, in actions->edit->check status,)
    and this line: var searchString=’http://ezproxy.stevens.edu/form?qurl=http://XXXXXXXX.cs….&field=title&term=‘+(Ti);
    so that the red text reflects your own search URL, which you can get from your catalog, database or federated search vendor)

    (Note: if you don’t want to use Google Analytics, just remove all the code before the line: var Ti=document.title.replace(‘- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia’,”);)

    3 – CSS needed for the button:

    (You can do this as inline CSS or a separate stylesheet. Just replace the background image with your own image file.)

    ————————————————————-
    ***OR, if you’d rather just download all the files, edit them, and place move them to the appropriate locations on your server, you can download the file packet (with instructions in a ReadMe.txt file.)***
    ————————————————————-

    Presentation slides:

    One note: when we developed the bookmarklet, we were beta-testing Ebsco Discovery Service. We have since switched to Serial Solutions’ Summon, but while that’s being configured, the bookmarklet used our integrated search (also a Serial Solutions product.)

    On the down-side, this has caused some inconsistency in our screenshots (the slides feature EDS screenshots, since we don’t have full access to Summon yet.) However, this does emphasize the importance of having the full code reside on your server, as we’ve been able to make the required adjustments to the code without users having to re-install the tool.

    Posted in Barbara Arnett, bookmarklet, discovery solutions, information searching, javascript, library 2.0, library technology, Library Technology Conference, LibTech2011, presentations, search engines | 3 Comments

    QR Codes: an Overview

    Since QR codes seem to be one of the hot new technologies in the library and museum world, I decided to do a little research on them (I am a librarian after all!) Here’s a brief introduction into the world of 2D code technology:

    QR (quick response) codes are two-dimensional images used to represent data, similar to a barcode. They were originally developed by Japanese auto parts manufacturer Denso-Wave in 1994, for tracking parts. Denso-Wave still owns the patent on the technology (which has its own published ISO standard) but allows for their license-free use.

    QR codes are an improvement over barcodes mostly because of the amount of data they can encode. While barcodes can only hold 20 digits worth of data, QR codes can hold up to 7000 digits and 4300 alpha-numeric characters and can be as small as 2 centimeters square (although the more data encoded, the larger the resulting image will be).

    Originally QR codes required dedicated scanners to read them, but the advent of smart phones with built-in cameras have recently brought the technology into much greater usage. Currently, they are commonly used to link print and broadcast media to online content (usually by encoding a URL), but can also be used to share simple text data such as a phone number or text-only message, or more complex information like a command that can play a song automatically if you have it on your computer, or bring you to a site that prompts you to purchase the song if you do not already own it.

    Similar technologies to QR codes include open source Data Matrix codes, used by the U.S. Department of Defense, and the proprietary Microsoft Tag (which features color codes that can store more than the other, black-and-white ones.)

    Although non-Asian countries have been slow in adopting QR code technology (Pepsi launched what is now acknowledged as the first large-scale QR code marketing campaign in 2008), it has recently gone mainstream, with companies such as HBO and Fox launching QR campaigns. The museum and library world have also found use for the technology, linking their physical collections with their expanding online offerings.

    Also helping to launch the tech into the mainstream was Google’s recent launch of a URL shortening service which also provides users a simple way to create QR codes from any URL.

    References
    “UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes.” (http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/documents/briefing-61/html/)

    ISO – International Organization for Standardization, and ISO. “ISO/IEC 18004:2006.” 01 Sept. 2006. (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43655)

    Lardinois, Frederic. “Microsoft Tag: The CueCat Returns on Your Mobile Phone.” ReadWriteWeb 8 Jan. 2009. (http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/microsoft_tag_the_return_of_the_cuecat.php)

    Milliot, Jim. “QR Codes Tie Print, Online Marketing.” Publishers Weekly 256.38 (2009): 4. (http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/71-qr-codes-tie-print-online-marketing-.html)

    Nguyen, Maria. “What you need to know about QR codes.” Sydney Morning Herald, The 05 July 2008: 2. (http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleId=56159)

    Perez, Sarah. “The Scannable World, Part 3: Barcode Scanning In The Real World.” ReadWriteWeb 26 Sept. 2008. (http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/the_scannable_world_barcodes_scanning_in_the_real_world.php)

    Perez, Sarah. “iCandy: Make QR Codes That Play Music.” ReadWriteWeb 16 Jan. 2009. (http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/icandy_make_qr_codes_that_play_music.php)

    Siegler, MG. “Goo.gl’s Awesome Easter Egg To Instantly Turn Any Link Into A QR Code.” TechCrunch 30 Sept. 2010. (http://techcrunch.com/2010/09/30/googl-easter-egg/)

    Posted in library technology, marketing, QR codes, quick response codes, reaching students | Comments Off on QR Codes: an Overview

    Bridging the gap from Wikipedia to scholarly sources: a simple library bookmarklet

    So I know I have been alluding to a fancy-shmancy “project” for awhile now, and it’s finally at a point that I can show it off! Barbara Arnett and I (mostly Barbara, but I set the project in motion, so that counts for something I guess) have created a javascript bookmarklet that can be used in any browser to execute a search in Ebsco Discovery Service from any web page.
    The impetus for this project was a tendency for novice researchers to rely on internet sources that may not be up to the standards required by their professors for college-level research (read: Google & Wikipedia). Unfortunately, those users were not only beginning, but ending their search with those websites, without ever trying the library’s subscription databases, or even making it to the library’s website.
    Stevens is currently undergoing a trial of Ebsco Discovery Service (EDS), a federated search tool which includes the library catalog data. To make it easier for students to search the library resources, we decided to create a bookmarket that eliminates the step of having to go to the library website first before searching library resources.
    The bookmarket provides an important bridge between common search behaviors (especially among undergraduates), and the “deep web” content located in library-funded, proprietary databases, thus easing their transition into scholarly research. You just drag-and-drop it into any browser, after which a search can then be initiated from any webpage the user visits. When the bookmarklet is clicked, the search terms default to the title of the page (so it works especially well with Wikipedia articles), and a prompt is displayed that allows the user to edit the terms, if so desired. When they press the OK button, the search is automatically executed in the Discovery tool and the results are displayed in a new browser window.
    The bookmarklet is written in simple Javascript code, which resides on the library’s server, so it can be edited or updated without the user having to reinstall it. It works on all major browsers, and can also be edited to work with various search tools, such as specific databases, library catalogs or competing federated search tools (such as Serial Solutions’ Summon.)
    A short demo:
    Barbara and I will be participating in a webinar for the Metro New York Library Council in December, demonstrating various tech tools for libraries. See here for details: http://bit.ly/aYud4Q

    11/19/10 – NOTE:

    Ken Varnum at the University of Michigan has used our code to create an ArticlesPlus bookmarklet for their users. To make it easier for other developers to adapt our code for their projects, here it is, in its entirety. You’ll have to edit it to use whatever search tool you want it to run, and change it to link to your own Google Analytics account (or just take that part out if you’re not using GA), and we ask that you keep the attribution statement in there.

    Thanks!

    ~val

    Posted in Barbara Arnett, bookmarklet, information access, information searching, information seeking, interfaces, javascript, library 2.0, library technology, reaching students, search engines | 4 Comments

    Google Instant: an early review (with references!)

    In the spirit of full disclosure, I had to write a journal entry for my Engineering of Enterprise Software Systems class, and I figured, hey, I wrote the damn thing, why not post it as a blog entry, since it’s about search(-ing), and thus relevant to libraries? And yes, leave it to a librarian to have 8 reference for a page-and-a-half long paper.

    ————————————————–
    This week, Google (NASDAQ:GOOG) announced “Google Instant”, featuring predictive, real-time search results, meaning you can see your search results update according to each character you type in the search box, as you type it. The company claims this speeds up searches by an average of 2 to 5 seconds per query.
    Based on what I understand about databases and search technology, this would require a database call for each character typed, which, given the millions of people using Google’s search at any given moment (they recently reached 1 billion users a week, according to USA Today), would place a huge load on their servers/system.
    Google’s new real-time search functionality uses AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML). This technology (or really, groups of technologies, including JavaScript, XML or JSON, XHTML, among others) allows web applications to run independently of a web page, so data can be retrieved from the server while the rest of the page loads (asynchronously). In other words, it allows different portions of a page to load/update separately, or asynchronously.
    Apparently, the underlying technology is so simple, users have begun creating imitation real-time search applications for popular sites such as YouTube and Twitter (15-year-old web developer Stephen Ou built “iTunes Instant” in just three hours.)
    Although it’s still pretty new, users have begun weighing in on Google Instant. Reactions range from love to hate, as is usual with any new technology. In an opinion piece in The Guardian, Charlie Brooker laments:

    I’m starting to feel like an unwitting test subject in a global experiment conducted by Google, in which it attempts to discover how much raw information it can inject directly into my hippocampus before I crumple to the floor and start fitting uncontrollably.

    In general though, people seem to like the speed, but are unsure if a faster search was really necessary, especially at the cost of some well-liked features that Google has dropped with this launch, including the search box that used to be located at the bottom of any page of search results, and the retention and auto-suggest feature for recently-completed searches.
    Although some people may be underwhelmed by this new search feature, they are voicing concerns about some aspects of it.
    The company is apparently filtering search results, and not returning items from queries that are deemed “offensive”. This not only brings up censoring issues, but can have unintended consequences, like in the case of Irina Slutsky, a reporter for Advertising Age, who complained that results related to her were being blocked because of the first four letters of her last name.
    There is also concern over how Google is choosing results, and the affect that this, along with quickly appearing (and disappearing) will have on sponsored search results and ads. IBM’s Todd Watson was quoted as saying:

    Let me explain: go to www.google.com and just type in the letter “A.” What comes up first in the listing? “Amazon.” Followed by “AOL.” Followed by “ATT.” I skipped on over to “I,” thinking that IBM might come up first. But no, it was “IKEA.” … what in the world is IKEA doing coming up when I search for the letter “I”??

    —————————————————–
    References:
    1. Brooker, Charlie. 2010. “Google Instant is trying to kill me”. The Guardian. September 13. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/sep/13/charlie-brooker-google-instant. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    2. Hachman, Mark. 2010 “Google Launches Google Instant: Predictive, Real-Time Search.” PCMag.com. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2368861,00.asp. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    3. Holdener, Anthony T. 2008. “Ajax: the definitive guide.” STEVENS INST OF TECHNOLOGY’s Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed September 13, 2010).
    4. Jefferson, Graham. 2010. “Google starts searching before you finish typing; New Instant tool could change business strategy.” USA TODAY (Arlington, VA), September 08. NewsBank, EBSCOhost (accessed September 13, 2010).
    5. Jeffries, Adrianne. 2010. “Google Instant Search Inspires Mashups Across the Web.” ReadWriteWeb. September 12. http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/google_instant_search_inspires_mashups_across_the.php. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    6. Jennings, Richi. 2010. “Google Instant results: reaction roundup.” Computerworld. September 10. http://blogs.computerworld.com/16922/google_instant_results_reaction_roundup?source=t3. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    7. Metz, Cade. 2010. “Google Instant ‘invented by Yahoo! in 2005’”. The Register. September 10. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/10/google_instant_v_yahoo_live_search/. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    8. Paul, Ian. 2010. “Google Instant: Criticisms and Controversies”. PCWorld. September 10. http://www.pcworld.com/article/205241/google_instant_criticisms_and_controversies.html?tk=hp_new. (accessed September 13, 2010).
    Posted in Google, information searching, information seeking, search engines | Comments Off on Google Instant: an early review (with references!)